history of the internet

The Internet is a computer network established by the U.S. Department of Defense in 1969 , through a project called ARPANET ARPA ( Advanced Research Projects Agency Network ) , where they demonstrated how the hardware and software are UNIX-based computers , we can make communication within the infinity through the telephone line . ARPANET project designing a network , reliability, how much information can be transferred , and finally all the standards that they set into the embryo development of new protocols that are now known as TCP / IP ( Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol ) .

The initial goal of the project is built for military purposes . At that time the United States Department of Defense ( U.S. Department of Defense ) create a system of distributed computer network by connecting the computer in areas vital to tackle the problem in case of a nuclear attack and to avoid centralized information , which in the event of war can easily be destroyed .

At first ARPANET only 4 sites linking only the Stanford Research Institute , University of California , Santa Barbara , University of Utah , where they form an integrated network in 1969 , and in general the ARPANET was introduced in October 1972. Not long after the project is growing rapidly across the region , and all universities in the country wants to join , thus making it difficult to set the ARPANET .

Therefore ARPANET split widened two , namely " MILNET " for military purposes and the " ARPANET " new smaller for non - military purposes , such as universities . Combined both networks eventually known as the DARPA Internet , which then reduces to the Internet .

List of important events [edit source ]

Genesis year

1957 Soviet Union ( now Russia ) launched a spacecraft , Sputnik .

1958 In the aftermath of the " defeat " the United States in launching spacecraft , formed an agency within the U.S. Department of Defense , Advanced Research Projects Agency ( ARPA ) , which seeks to enable the United States to improve the science and technology of the country. One aim is to computer technology .

1962 J.C.R. Licklider wrote a post about a vision in which computers can be connected to one another globally so that each computer is able to offer access to programs and data. This year also RAND Corporation began research on this idea ( a distributed computer network ) , which is intended for military purposes .

The early 1960s on the theory of packet - switching can be implemented in the real world .

The mid-1960s ARPA developed the ARPANET to promote " Cooperative Networking of Time - sharing Computers " , with only four host computers that can be connected up to 1969 , the Stanford Research Institute , University of California , Los Angeles , University of California , Santa Barbara , and the University of Utah .

1965 The term " Hypertext " issued by Ted Nelson .

1968 Network Tymnet made ​​.

1971 ARPANET network members increased to 23 computer nodes , consisting of computers belonging to U.S. government research and university .

1972 A working group called the International Network Working Group ( INWG ) were made to improve the computer and network technology also developed standards for computer networks , including the Internet is . The first speaker of this organization is Vint Cerf , known as the " Father of the Internet "

1972-1974 Several commercial database services such as Dialog , SDC Orbit , Lexis , The New York Times DataBank , and others , register themselves to the ARPANET through a dial - up network .

1973 ARPANET outside the United States : This year , members of the ARPANET grew again with the inclusion of several universities in the United States outside the University College of London of England and the Royal Radar Establishment in Norway .

1974 Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn publish detailed specifications of protocols Transmission Control Protocol ( TCP ) in the article " A Protocol for Packet Network Interconnection " .

1974 Bolt , Beranet & Newman ( BBN ) , pontraktor for ARPANET , opened a commercial version of ARPANET which they refer to as Telenet , which is the first public packet data service .

Already in 1977 there were 111 pieces of computers that have been connected to the ARPANET .

1978 Protocol TCP split into two parts , namely the Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol ( TCP / IP ) .

1979 Usenet discussion groups was made by Tom Truscott , Jim Ellis and Steve Bellovin , a graduate of Duke University and the University of North Carolina United States . After that , use Usenet also increased drastically .

In this year also , emoticon proposed by Kevin McKenzie .

Early 1980s personal computer ( PC ) epidemic , and become a part of many human lives .

This year recorded the ARPANET has a membership of up to 213 hosts connected .

Services BITNET ( Because It 's Time Network ) starts , by providing e - mail services , mailing lists , and File Transfer Protocol ( FTP ) .

CSNET ( Computer Science Network ) was established this year by scientists and experts in the field of computer science from Purdue University , University of Washington , RAND Corporation , and BBN , with support from the National Science Foundation ( NSF ) . This network provides e - mail services and some other services to scientists without having to access the ARPANET .

1982 The term "Internet " was first used , and TCP / IP was adopted as a universal protocol for such networks .

Name servers began to be developed , allowing users to connect to a host without having to know the absolute path to the host .

This year there were over 1000 pieces belonging to an Internet host .

Introduced in 1986 the domain name system , which is now known as DNS ( Domain Name System ) that serves to uniform naming system on the computer network address .

Another important incident [edit source ]

In 1971, Ray Tomlinson managed to complete the e - mail program that he created a year ago to the ARPANET . E - mail program is so easy that instantly became popular . In the same year , the icon " @ " was also introduced as an important symbol that shows the "at" or " on " . In 1973, the ARPANET computer network were developed outside the United States .

Computer University College in London is the first computer that is outside the United States who are members of Arpanet network . In the same year , two computer experts that Vinton Cerf and Bob Kahn presented a bigger idea , which became the forerunner of the Internet thinking . This idea was presented for the first time at the University of Sussex .

The next was a historic day on March 26, 1976 , when the Queen of England managed to send an e - mail from the Royal Signals and Radar Establishment in Malvern . A year later , more than 100 computers on ARPANET joined to form a network or network . In 1979 , Tom Truscott , Jim Ellis and Steve Bellovin , creating the first newsgroups called USENET . 1981 France Telecom created a buzz by launching the first television telephone , where people can call each other while dealing with the video link .

Because computer networks that make up the daily increasing , we need a formal protocol that is recognized by all the networks . In 1982 established the Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol or TCP or IP that we know it all . Meanwhile in Europe appear counter computer network known as Eunet , which provides computer network services in the countries of the Netherlands , the UK , Denmark and Sweden . Eunet network providing e - mail and USENET newsgroups .

To homogenize the address on an existing computer network , then in 1984 introduced the domain name system , which we now know as DNS or Domain Name System . Computer connected to the existing network has more than 1,000 computers . In 1987 the number of computers connected to the network soared 10-fold manjadi 10,000 .

1988, Jarko Oikarinen of Finland found which also introduces IRC or Internet Relay Chat . A year later , the number of interconnected computers soared 10-fold return in a year . No fewer than 100,000 computers are now forming a network . 1990 is the year of the most historic , when Tim Berners Lee found the program editor and browser that can roam from one computer to another computer , which form a network . The program is called www , or the World Wide Web .

In 1992, the computers that are connected to form a network has exceeded a million computers , and in the same year the term surfing the internet . In 1994 , the website has grown to 3000 pages address , and for the first time in a virtual -shopping or e - retail surfaced on the internet . The world changed . In the same year founded Yahoo! , which is also well-born Netscape Navigator